The Merchant of Venice · Act 4, Scene 1

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Enter the DUKE, the Magnificoes, ANTONIO, BASSANIO, GRATIANO, SALERIO, and others
Enter the DUKE, the Magnificoes, ANTONIO, BASSANIO, GRATIANO, SALERIO, and others
Duke

What, is Antonio here?

Duke

What, is Antonio here?

Antonio

Ready, so please your grace.

Antonio

Ready, if it pleases you, Your Grace.

Duke

I am sorry for thee: thou art come to answer A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch uncapable of pity, void and empty From any dram of mercy.

Duke

I feel sorry for you: you’ve come to face A hard-hearted opponent, a cruel man Incapable of pity, completely empty Of any mercy.

Antonio

I have heard Your grace hath ta’en great pains to qualify His rigorous course; but since he stands obdurate And that no lawful means can carry me Out of his envy’s reach, I do oppose My patience to his fury, and am arm’d To suffer, with a quietness of spirit, The very tyranny and rage of his.

Antonio

I’ve heard That Your Grace has worked hard to change His harsh actions; but since he refuses to listen And no legal means can protect me From his grudge, I will face His fury with patience, and am prepared To endure, calmly and with peace of mind, His very tyranny and rage.

Duke

Go one, and call the Jew into the court.

Duke

Go ahead, and bring the Jew into the court.

Salerio

He is ready at the door: he comes, my lord.

Salerio

He’s ready at the door: he’s coming, my lord.

Enter SHYLOCK
Enter SHYLOCK
Duke

Make room, and let him stand before our face. Shylock, the world thinks, and I think so too, That thou but lead’st this fashion of thy malice To the last hour of act; and then ’tis thought Thou’lt show thy mercy and remorse more strange Than is thy strange apparent cruelty; And where thou now exact’st the penalty, Which is a pound of this poor merchant’s flesh, Thou wilt not only loose the forfeiture, But, touch’d with human gentleness and love, Forgive a moiety of the principal; Glancing an eye of pity on his losses, That have of late so huddled on his back, Enow to press a royal merchant down And pluck commiseration of his state From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint, From stubborn Turks and Tartars, never train’d To offices of tender courtesy. We all expect a gentle answer, Jew.

Duke

Make space, and let him stand before us. Shylock, the world thinks, and I think so too, That you only continue this cruel act Until the last moment; and then it’s believed You’ll show your mercy and remorse, which will seem More surprising than your apparent cruelty. And where you now demand the penalty, Which is a pound of this poor merchant’s flesh, You won’t just drop the claim, But, moved by human kindness and love, Forgive part of the debt; With pity in your eyes for his losses, Which have recently piled up on him, Enough to crush a wealthy merchant And win sympathy even from hard hearts, From tough men like Turks and Tartars, who are never taught To show kindness. We all expect a kind answer, Jew.

Shylock

I have possess’d your grace of what I purpose; And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn To have the due and forfeit of my bond: If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter and your city’s freedom. You’ll ask me, why I rather choose to have A weight of carrion flesh than to receive Three thousand ducats: I’ll not answer that: But, say, it is my humour: is it answer’d? What if my house be troubled with a rat And I be pleased to give ten thousand ducats To have it baned? What, are you answer’d yet? Some men there are love not a gaping pig; Some, that are mad if they behold a cat; And others, when the bagpipe sings i’ the nose, Cannot contain their urine: for affection, Mistress of passion, sways it to the mood Of what it likes or loathes. Now, for your answer: As there is no firm reason to be render’d, Why he cannot abide a gaping pig; Why he, a harmless necessary cat; Why he, a woollen bagpipe; but of force Must yield to such inevitable shame As to offend, himself being offended; So can I give no reason, nor I will not, More than a lodged hate and a certain loathing I bear Antonio, that I follow thus A losing suit against him. Are you answer’d?

Shylock

I’ve already told Your Grace my intentions; And by our holy Sabbath, I’ve sworn To get what I’m owed from this bond: If you deny me, let the consequences fall On your charter and the city’s freedom. You’ll ask me why I prefer to have A pound of rotting flesh rather than take Three thousand ducats: I won’t answer that: But let’s just say, it’s my choice: does that answer you? What if my house has a rat problem And I decide to pay ten thousand ducats To get rid of it? Are you satisfied now? Some people don’t like a noisy pig; Some are upset just by seeing a cat; And others can’t hold their urine when they hear The sound of bagpipes: affection, Mistress of passion, controls these moods, Making them love or hate what it pleases. Now, for your answer: Just as there’s no reason I can give For why someone might hate a pig, Or dislike a harmless cat, Or find a woollen bagpipe irritating; I too Can give no reason, nor will I, Other than a deep hatred and a strong dislike I have for Antonio, which drives me to follow This losing case against him. Are you satisfied?

Bassanio

This is no answer, thou unfeeling man, To excuse the current of thy cruelty.

Bassanio

This isn’t an answer, you heartless man, To justify the cruelty of your actions.

Shylock

I am not bound to please thee with my answers.

Shylock

I’m not obligated to please you with my answers.

Bassanio

Do all men kill the things they do not love?

Bassanio

Do all men kill the things they don’t love?

Shylock

Hates any man the thing he would not kill?

Shylock

Do men hate everything they would not kill?

Bassanio

Every offence is not a hate at first.

Bassanio

Not every wrong is a deep hatred from the start.

Shylock

What, wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twice?

Shylock

What, would you let a snake bite you twice?

Antonio

I pray you, think you question with the Jew: You may as well go stand upon the beach And bid the main flood bate his usual height; You may as well use question with the wolf Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb; You may as well forbid the mountain pines To wag their high tops and to make no noise, When they are fretten with the gusts of heaven; You may as well do anything most hard, As seek to soften that--than which what’s harder?-- His Jewish heart: therefore, I do beseech you, Make no more offers, use no farther means, But with all brief and plain conveniency Let me have judgment and the Jew his will.

Antonio

I beg you, do you really think you can reason with the Jew: You might as well go stand on the shore And tell the ocean to stop rising; You might as well ask the wolf Why he makes the sheep cry for the lamb; You might as well tell the mountain pines To stop swaying and be silent, When the winds are raging through them; You might as well try to do anything impossible, As try to soften that—than which, what’s harder?— His Jewish heart: so, I beg you, Stop making more offers, no more schemes, But just give me judgment and the Jew his way.

Bassanio

For thy three thousand ducats here is six.

Bassanio

For your three thousand ducats here are six.

Shylock

What judgment shall I dread, doing Were in six parts and every part a ducat, I would not draw them; I would have my bond.

Shylock

What judgment should I fear, when I’m doing If I had six parts, and each part a ducat, I wouldn’t draw them; I want my bond.

Duke

How shalt thou hope for mercy, rendering none?

Duke

How do you expect mercy, when you show none?

Shylock

What judgment shall I dread, doing no wrong? You have among you many a purchased slave, Which, like your asses and your dogs and mules, You use in abject and in slavish parts, Because you bought them: shall I say to you, Let them be free, marry them to your heirs? Why sweat they under burthens? let their beds Be made as soft as yours and let their palates Be season’d with such viands? You will answer ’The slaves are ours:’ so do I answer you: The pound of flesh, which I demand of him, Is dearly bought; ’tis mine and I will have it. If you deny me, fie upon your law! There is no force in the decrees of Venice. I stand for judgment: answer; shall I have it?

Shylock

What judgment should I fear, when I’m doing no wrong? You have many slaves among you, Who, like your donkeys and dogs and mules, You treat like property, because you bought them: should I say to you, Let them be free, marry them to your heirs? Why do they sweat under burdens? let their beds Be as soft as yours and let their tastebuds Be pleased with the same food you eat? You’d answer “The slaves are ours”: and so I answer you: The pound of flesh, which I demand of him, Is bought at a high price; it’s mine, and I’ll have it. If you deny me, shame on your law! There’s no power in the laws of Venice. I’m standing for judgment: answer me—shall I have it?

Duke

Upon my power I may dismiss this court, Unless Bellario, a learned doctor, Whom I have sent for to determine this, Come here to-day.

Duke

By my authority, I can dismiss this court, Unless Bellario, a learned doctor, Whom I’ve called for to decide this case, Comes here today.

Salerio

My lord, here stays without A messenger with letters from the doctor, New come from Padua.

Salerio

My lord, a messenger is waiting outside With letters from the doctor, Just arrived from Padua.

Duke

Bring us the letter; call the messenger.

Duke

Bring us the letter; call the messenger.

Bassanio

Good cheer, Antonio! What, man, courage yet! The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones and all, Ere thou shalt lose for me one drop of blood.

Bassanio

Cheer up, Antonio! Come on, keep your courage! The Jew will get my flesh, blood, bones, and all, Before you lose even one drop of my blood.

Antonio

I am a tainted wether of the flock, Meetest for death: the weakest kind of fruit Drops earliest to the ground; and so let me You cannot better be employ’d, Bassanio, Than to live still and write mine epitaph.

Antonio

I am a sickly sheep of the flock, Most ready for death: the weakest fruit Falls to the ground first; and so let me You can’t better spend your time, Bassanio, Than to live on and write my epitaph.

Enter NERISSA, dressed like a lawyer’s clerk
Enter NERISSA, dressed like a lawyer’s clerk
Duke

Came you from Padua, from Bellario?

Duke

Did you come from Padua, from Bellario?

Nerissa

From both, my lord. Bellario greets your grace.

Nerissa

From both, my lord. Bellario sends his regards.

Presenting a letter
Presenting a letter
Bassanio

Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly?

Bassanio

Why are you sharpening your knife so seriously?

Shylock

To cut the forfeiture from that bankrupt there.

Shylock

To cut the debt from that bankrupt man there.

Gratiano

Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew, Thou makest thy knife keen; but no metal can, No, not the hangman’s axe, bear half the keenness Of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee?

Gratiano

Not on your shoe, but on your soul, cruel Jew, You’re making your knife sharp; but no metal can, No, not even the hangman’s axe, be as sharp As your bitter jealousy. Can no prayers reach you?

Shylock

No, none that thou hast wit enough to make.

Shylock

No, none that you have the sense to make.

Gratiano

O, be thou damn’d, inexecrable dog! And for thy life let justice be accused. Thou almost makest me waver in my faith To hold opinion with Pythagoras, That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men: thy currish spirit Govern’d a wolf, who, hang’d for human slaughter, Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet, And, whilst thou lay’st in thy unhallow’d dam, Infused itself in thee; for thy desires Are wolvish, bloody, starved and ravenous.

Gratiano

Oh, be damned, you loathsome dog! And let justice be put on trial for your life. You almost make me question my belief In the teachings of Pythagoras, That the souls of animals are reincarnated Into the bodies of men: your savage nature Ruled a wolf, who, hung for killing a human, Even from the gallows, his evil soul flew away, And, while you lay in your unholy grave, It entered you; because your desires Are like those of a wolf—bloody, starving, and cruel.

Shylock

Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond, Thou but offend’st thy lungs to speak so loud: Repair thy wit, good youth, or it will fall To cureless ruin. I stand here for law.

Shylock

Until you can tear the seal off my contract, You’re just wasting your breath by shouting like that: Fix your thinking, young man, or you’ll ruin yourself. I stand here for the law.

Duke

This letter from Bellario doth commend A young and learned doctor to our court. Where is he?

Duke

This letter from Bellario recommends A young, learned doctor to our court. Where is he?

Nerissa

He attendeth here hard by, To know your answer, whether you’ll admit him.

Nerissa

He’s waiting right here, To hear your decision on whether you’ll allow him to come in.

Duke

With all my heart. Some three or four of you Go give him courteous conduct to this place. Meantime the court shall hear Bellario’s letter.

Duke

With all my heart. Some of you Go escort him here courteously. Meanwhile, the court will read Bellario’s letter.

Clerk

[Reads] Your grace shall understand that at the receipt of your letter I am very sick: but in the instant that your messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a young doctor of Rome; his name is Balthasar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turned o’er many books together: he is furnished with my opinion; which, bettered with his own learning, the greatness whereof I cannot enough commend, comes with him, at my importunity, to fill up your grace’s request in my stead. I beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation; for I never knew so young a body with so old a head. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commendation.

Clerk

[Reads] Your grace should know that when I received your letter, I was very sick: but just as your messenger arrived, a young doctor from Rome, named Balthasar, was visiting me. I told him about the case between the Jew and Antonio the merchant; we went through many books together: he has my opinion, which, with his own knowledge, has become even better. At my request, he comes now to fulfill your grace’s wish in my place. I ask you not to let his youth stop you from respecting him, because I’ve never known anyone so young with such wisdom. I leave him to your kind judgment, and his performance will prove his worth.

Duke

You hear the learn’d Bellario, what he writes: And here, I take it, is the doctor come.

Duke

You hear Bellario’s learned words in his letter: And I think the doctor has now arrived.

Enter PORTIA, dressed like a doctor of laws
Enter PORTIA, dressed like a doctor of laws
Duke

Give me your hand. Come you from old Bellario?

Duke

Give me your hand. Did you come from the old Bellario?

Portia

I did, my lord.

Portia

I did, my lord.

Duke

You are welcome: take your place. Are you acquainted with the difference That holds this present question in the court?

Duke

You are welcome: take your place. Do you know the details Of the case we’re dealing with in court?

Portia

I am informed thoroughly of the cause. Which is the merchant here, and which the Jew?

Portia

I am fully informed about the case. Which one is the merchant, and which one the Jew?

Duke

Antonio and old Shylock, both stand forth.

Duke

Antonio and old Shylock, both step forward.

Portia

Is your name Shylock?

Portia

Is your name Shylock?

Shylock

Shylock is my name.

Shylock

Shylock is my name.

Portia

Of a strange nature is the suit you follow; Yet in such rule that the Venetian law Cannot impugn you as you do proceed. You stand within his danger, do you not?

Portia

The case you’re pursuing is unusual; But it follows the law so closely that Venetian law can’t argue against it. You’re in a dangerous position, aren’t you?

Antonio

Ay, so he says.

Antonio

Yes, that’s what he says.

Portia

Do you confess the bond?

Portia

Do you admit the bond?

Antonio

I do.

Antonio

I do.

Portia

Then must the Jew be merciful.

Portia

Then the Jew must be merciful.

Shylock

On what compulsion must I? tell me that.

Shylock

Why should I be merciful? Tell me that.

Portia

The quality of mercy is not strain’d, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: ’Tis mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown; His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptred sway; It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself; And earthly power doth then show likest God’s When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew, Though justice be thy plea, consider this, That, in the course of justice, none of us Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy; And that same prayer doth teach us all to render The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much To mitigate the justice of thy plea; Which if thou follow, this strict court of Venice Must needs give sentence ’gainst the merchant there.

Portia

Mercy isn’t forced, It falls like gentle rain from heaven On the earth below: it’s twice as blessed; It blesses both the giver and the receiver: It’s strongest in the strongest: it suits A king better than his crown; His scepter shows the power of earthly rule, The ability to inspire fear and respect, But mercy is higher than this power; It lives in the hearts of kings, It’s a quality of God himself; And earthly power is most godlike When mercy tempers justice. So, Jew, Even though justice is your argument, think about this: That, if justice were fully carried out, none of us Would be saved: we pray for mercy; And that prayer teaches us all to show Mercy in our actions. I’ve said all this To soften the severity of your case; If you stick to it, this strict court of Venice Will have to rule against the merchant.

Shylock

My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, The penalty and forfeit of my bond.

Shylock

I accept the consequences! I want the law, The penalty and forfeiture of my bond.

Portia

Is he not able to discharge the money?

Portia

Can’t he pay the money?

Bassanio

Yes, here I tender it for him in the court; Yea, twice the sum: if that will not suffice, I will be bound to pay it ten times o’er, On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart: If this will not suffice, it must appear That malice bears down truth. And I beseech you, Wrest once the law to your authority: To do a great right, do a little wrong, And curb this cruel devil of his will.

Bassanio

Yes, here I offer it for him in court; Even twice the amount: if that’s not enough, I’ll be bound to pay ten times more, At the cost of my hands, my head, my heart: If that’s not enough, it’ll show That malice overpowers truth. And I beg you, Bend the law to your authority: To do a great right, sometimes a little wrong Is needed to curb this cruel devil’s will.

Portia

It must not be; there is no power in Venice Can alter a decree established: ’Twill be recorded for a precedent, And many an error by the same example Will rush into the state: it cannot be.

Portia

It can’t be done; no power in Venice Can change a fixed decree: It will be recorded as a precedent, And many mistakes will follow that example And cause harm to the state: it can’t be done.

Shylock

A Daniel come to judgment! yea, a Daniel! O wise young judge, how I do honour thee!

Shylock

A Daniel has come to judge! Yes, a Daniel! Oh wise young judge, how I honor you!

Portia

I pray you, let me look upon the bond.

Portia

Please, let me see the bond.

Shylock

Here ’tis, most reverend doctor, here it is.

Shylock

Here it is, most respected doctor, here it is.

Portia

Shylock, there’s thrice thy money offer’d thee.

Portia

Shylock, here’s three times the amount of money offered to you.

Shylock

An oath, an oath, I have an oath in heaven: Shall I lay perjury upon my soul? No, not for Venice.

Shylock

An oath, an oath, I have sworn an oath in heaven: Should I lie and commit perjury? No, not even for Venice.

Portia

Why, this bond is forfeit; And lawfully by this the Jew may claim A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off Nearest the merchant’s heart. Be merciful: Take thrice thy money; bid me tear the bond.

Portia

Well, this contract is broken; And legally, by this, the Jew can claim A pound of flesh, to be cut off Nearest to the merchant’s heart. Be merciful: Take three times your money; tell me to tear up the contract.

Shylock

When it is paid according to the tenor. It doth appear you are a worthy judge; You know the law, your exposition Hath been most sound: I charge you by the law, Whereof you are a well-deserving pillar, Proceed to judgment: by my soul I swear There is no power in the tongue of man To alter me: I stay here on my bond.

Shylock

When it’s paid according to the terms. It seems you are a worthy judge; You understand the law, your explanation Has been completely correct: I order you by the law, Which you are a respected supporter of, To proceed with the judgment: I swear on my soul There’s no power in the words of man That can change my mind: I’ll stick to my contract.

Antonio

Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment.

Antonio

I sincerely beg the court To make the ruling.

Portia

Why then, thus it is: You must prepare your bosom for his knife.

Portia

Well then, here’s how it is: You must prepare yourself for his knife.

Shylock

O noble judge! O excellent young man!

Shylock

O noble judge! O excellent young man!

Portia

For the intent and purpose of the law Hath full relation to the penalty, Which here appeareth due upon the bond.

Portia

For the purpose and meaning of the law Are fully connected to the punishment, Which here seems due under the contract.

Shylock

’Tis very true: O wise and upright judge! How much more elder art thou than thy looks!

Shylock

It’s very true: O wise and fair judge! How much older are you than you seem!

Portia

Therefore lay bare your bosom.

Portia

So, now, expose your chest.

Shylock

Ay, his breast: So says the bond: doth it not, noble judge? ’Nearest his heart:’ those are the very words.

Shylock

Yes, his chest: So the contract says: doesn’t it, noble judge? “Nearest his heart:” those are the exact words.

Portia

It is so. Are there balance here to weigh The flesh?

Portia

Yes, it is. Are there scales here to weigh The flesh?

Shylock

I have them ready.

Shylock

I have them ready.

Portia

Have by some surgeon, Shylock, on your charge, To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death.

Portia

Have a surgeon, Shylock, at your expense, To stop his bleeding, in case he bleeds to death.

Shylock

Is it so nominated in the bond?

Shylock

Is that written in the contract?

Portia

It is not so express’d: but what of that? ’Twere good you do so much for charity.

Portia

It’s not exactly written that way: but so what? It would be good if you did this for charity.

Shylock

I cannot find it; ’tis not in the bond.

Shylock

I can’t find it; it’s not in the contract.

Portia

You, merchant, have you any thing to say?

Portia

You, merchant, do you have anything to say?

Antonio

But little: I am arm’d and well prepared. Give me your hand, Bassanio: fare you well! Grieve not that I am fallen to this for you; For herein Fortune shows herself more kind Than is her custom: it is still her use To let the wretched man outlive his wealth, To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow An age of poverty; from which lingering penance Of such misery doth she cut me off. Commend me to your honourable wife: Tell her the process of Antonio’s end; Say how I loved you, speak me fair in death; And, when the tale is told, bid her be judge Whether Bassanio had not once a love. Repent but you that you shall lose your friend, And he repents not that he pays your debt; For if the Jew do cut but deep enough, I’ll pay it presently with all my heart.

Antonio

Not much: I’m prepared and ready. Give me your hand, Bassanio: goodbye! Don’t grieve that I’m in this situation for you; Because here, Fortune shows herself kinder Than usual: it’s normally her way To let a poor man outlive his wealth, To look with empty eyes and a wrinkled brow At a life of poverty; but now, by some mercy, She cuts me off from this lingering misery. Give my regards to your honorable wife: Tell her how Antonio’s life ends; Say how I loved you, speak kindly of me in death; And, when the story’s told, ask her to judge Whether Bassanio ever truly loved me. Feel sorry only that you’ll lose your friend, And he feels no regret in paying your debt; For if the Jew cuts deep enough, I’ll pay it gladly with all my heart.

Bassanio

Antonio, I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself; But life itself, my wife, and all the world, Are not with me esteem’d above thy life: I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all Here to this devil, to deliver you.

Bassanio

Antonio, I am married to a wife Who is as dear to me as life itself; But life itself, my wife, and everything in the world, Are not worth more to me than your life: I would give up everything, yes, sacrifice it all Right here to this devil, to save you.

Portia

Your wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by, to hear you make the offer.

Portia

Your wife wouldn’t thank you much for that, If she were here to hear you say it.

Gratiano

I have a wife, whom, I protest, I love: I would she were in heaven, so she could Entreat some power to change this currish Jew.

Gratiano

I have a wife, whom, I swear, I love: I wish she were in heaven, so she could Ask some power to change this nasty Jew.

Nerissa

’Tis well you offer it behind her back; The wish would make else an unquiet house.

Nerissa

It’s good you say this behind her back; Otherwise, that wish would make for an uncomfortable home.

Shylock

These be the Christian husbands. I have a daughter; Would any of the stock of Barrabas Had been her husband rather than a Christian!

Shylock

These are the Christian husbands. I have a daughter; I wish any of the descendants of Barabbas Had been her husband, rather than a Christian!

Aside
Aside
Shylock

We trifle time: I pray thee, pursue sentence.

Shylock

We waste time: please, carry out the sentence.

Portia

A pound of that same merchant’s flesh is thine: The court awards it, and the law doth give it.

Portia

A pound of that same merchant’s flesh is yours: The court has awarded it, and the law gives it to you.

Shylock

Most rightful judge!

Shylock

Most righteous judge!

Portia

And you must cut this flesh from off his breast: The law allows it, and the court awards it.

Portia

And you must cut this flesh from his chest: The law allows it, and the court has ordered it.

Shylock

Most learned judge! A sentence! Come, prepare!

Shylock

Most learned judge! A sentence! Come, get ready!

Portia

Tarry a little; there is something else. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood; The words expressly are ’a pound of flesh:’ Take then thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh; But, in the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice.

Portia

Wait a little; there’s something else. This bond doesn’t give you any blood; The words say only ’a pound of flesh:’ So take your bond, take your pound of flesh; But if you spill Even one drop of Christian blood, your lands and goods Will be confiscated by the laws of Venice And given to the state of Venice.

Gratiano

O upright judge! Mark, Jew: O learned judge!

Gratiano

Oh, honest judge! Listen, Jew: Oh, wise judge!

Shylock

Is that the law?

Shylock

Is that the law?

Portia

Thyself shalt see the act: For, as thou urgest justice, be assured Thou shalt have justice, more than thou desirest.

Portia

You’ll see the law in action yourself: Since you demand justice, rest assured You’ll get justice, more than you expect.

Gratiano

O learned judge! Mark, Jew: a learned judge!

Gratiano

Oh, wise judge! Listen, Jew: a wise judge!

Shylock

I take this offer, then; pay the bond thrice And let the Christian go.

Shylock

I accept this offer then; pay the bond three times And let the Christian go free.

Bassanio

Here is the money.

Bassanio

Here is the money.

Portia

Soft! The Jew shall have all justice; soft! no haste: He shall have nothing but the penalty.

Portia

Wait! The Jew will get all the justice; wait! No rush: He will get nothing but the penalty.

Gratiano

O Jew! an upright judge, a learned judge!

Gratiano

Oh, Jew! an honest judge, a wise judge!

Portia

Therefore prepare thee to cut off the flesh. Shed thou no blood, nor cut thou less nor more But just a pound of flesh: if thou cut’st more Or less than a just pound, be it but so much As makes it light or heavy in the substance, Or the division of the twentieth part Of one poor scruple, nay, if the scale do turn But in the estimation of a hair, Thou diest and all thy goods are confiscate.

Portia

So get ready to cut the flesh. Don’t spill any blood, and don’t cut too much or too little Just exactly one pound of flesh: if you cut more Or less than exactly one pound, even if it’s just a bit That makes it lighter or heavier in weight, Or the difference of one-twentieth of a grain, Or even if the scale tilts By the tiniest amount, You’ll die, and all your goods will be seized.

Gratiano

A second Daniel, a Daniel, Jew! Now, infidel, I have you on the hip.

Gratiano

A second Daniel, a Daniel, Jew! Now, unbeliever, I’ve got you in a tight spot.

Portia

Why doth the Jew pause? take thy forfeiture.

Portia

Why is the Jew hesitating? Take your forfeiture.

Shylock

Give me my principal, and let me go.

Shylock

Give me my original loan, and let me go.

Bassanio

I have it ready for thee; here it is.

Bassanio

I have it ready for you; here it is.

Portia

He hath refused it in the open court: He shall have merely justice and his bond.

Portia

He turned it down in the open court: He’ll get only justice and his bond.

Gratiano

A Daniel, still say I, a second Daniel! I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word.

Gratiano

A Daniel, still I say, a second Daniel! Thank you, Jew, for teaching me that word.

Shylock

Shall I not have barely my principal?

Shylock

Will I not just get back my original loan?

Portia

Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture, To be so taken at thy peril, Jew.

Portia

You will get nothing except the forfeiture, To be taken at your own risk, Jew.

Shylock

Why, then the devil give him good of it! I’ll stay no longer question.

Shylock

Well, then the devil give him good of it! I won’t stay here to argue any longer.

Portia

Tarry, Jew: The law hath yet another hold on you. It is enacted in the laws of Venice, If it be proved against an alien That by direct or indirect attempts He seek the life of any citizen, The party ’gainst the which he doth contrive Shall seize one half his goods; the other half Comes to the privy coffer of the state; And the offender’s life lies in the mercy Of the duke only, ’gainst all other voice. In which predicament, I say, thou stand’st; For it appears, by manifest proceeding, That indirectly and directly too Thou hast contrived against the very life Of the defendant; and thou hast incurr’d The danger formerly by me rehearsed. Down therefore and beg mercy of the duke.

Portia

Wait, Jew: The law still has another claim on you. It’s written in the laws of Venice, If it’s proven that a foreigner Directly or indirectly tries To take the life of any citizen, The victim may seize half his goods; the other half Goes to the state’s treasury; And the offender’s life is at the mercy Of the duke alone, against all other judgment. In this situation, I say, you stand; Because it’s clear, from what’s happened, That both directly and indirectly You’ve plotted against the life Of the defendant; and you’ve incurred The penalty I’ve already explained. So get down and beg for mercy from the duke.

Gratiano

Beg that thou mayst have leave to hang thyself: And yet, thy wealth being forfeit to the state, Thou hast not left the value of a cord; Therefore thou must be hang’d at the state’s charge.

Gratiano

Beg for permission to hang yourself: And even though your wealth is forfeited to the state, You don’t even have enough left to buy a rope; So you’ll have to be hanged at the state’s expense.

Duke

That thou shalt see the difference of our spirits, I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it: For half thy wealth, it is Antonio’s; The other half comes to the general state, Which humbleness may drive unto a fine.

Duke

You’ll see the difference in our spirits, I pardon your life before you even ask: Half your wealth goes to Antonio; The other half goes to the general state, Which humility may reduce to a fine.

Portia

Ay, for the state, not for Antonio.

Portia

Yes, for the state, not for Antonio.

Shylock

Nay, take my life and all; pardon not that: You take my house when you do take the prop That doth sustain my house; you take my life When you do take the means whereby I live.

Shylock

No, take my life and all; just don’t pardon that: You take my house when you take away the support That holds my house up; you take my life When you take the means by which I live.

Portia

What mercy can you render him, Antonio?

Portia

What mercy can you show him, Antonio?

Gratiano

A halter gratis; nothing else, for God’s sake.

Gratiano

A rope for free; nothing else, for God’s sake.

Antonio

So please my lord the duke and all the court To quit the fine for one half of his goods, I am content; so he will let me have The other half in use, to render it, Upon his death, unto the gentleman That lately stole his daughter: Two things provided more, that, for this favour, He presently become a Christian; The other, that he do record a gift, Here in the court, of all he dies possess’d, Unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter.

Antonio

If it pleases my lord the duke and all the court To cancel the fine for half of his goods, I agree; as long as he allows me to have The other half for use, to give it back, Upon his death, to the man Who recently stole his daughter: Two more conditions: first, that for this favor, He immediately become a Christian; And second, that he make a formal gift, Here in court, of all he owns at his death, To his son Lorenzo and his daughter.

Duke

He shall do this, or else I do recant The pardon that I late pronounced here.

Duke

He shall do this, or else I’ll take back The pardon I just granted here.

Portia

Art thou contented, Jew? what dost thou say?

Portia

Are you satisfied, Jew? What do you say?

Shylock

I am content.

Shylock

I am satisfied.

Portia

Clerk, draw a deed of gift.

Portia

Clerk, draw up the deed of gift.

Shylock

I pray you, give me leave to go from hence; I am not well: send the deed after me, And I will sign it.

Shylock

Please, let me go from here; I’m not feeling well: send the deed after me, And I will sign it.

Duke

Get thee gone, but do it.

Duke

Go, but do it.

Gratiano

In christening shalt thou have two god-fathers: Had I been judge, thou shouldst have had ten more, To bring thee to the gallows, not the font.

Gratiano

When you’re baptized, you’ll have two godfathers: If I had been the judge, you’d have had ten more, All to lead you to the gallows, not the baptismal font.

Exit SHYLOCK
Exit SHYLOCK
Duke

Sir, I entreat you home with me to dinner.

Duke

Sir, I ask you to come home with me for dinner.

Portia

I humbly do desire your grace of pardon: I must away this night toward Padua, And it is meet I presently set forth.

Portia

I respectfully ask your grace to pardon me: I must leave tonight for Padua, And it’s fitting that I leave immediately.

Duke

I am sorry that your leisure serves you not. Antonio, gratify this gentleman, For, in my mind, you are much bound to him.

Duke

I’m sorry that you don’t have time. Antonio, thank this gentleman, Because, in my opinion, you owe him a great deal.

Exeunt Duke and his train
Exeunt Duke and his train
Bassanio

Most worthy gentleman, I and my friend Have by your wisdom been this day acquitted Of grievous penalties; in lieu whereof, Three thousand ducats, due unto the Jew, We freely cope your courteous pains withal.

Bassanio

Most honorable sir, my friend and I Have been freed today from heavy penalties Through your wisdom; in return for that, Three thousand ducats, owed to the Jew, We freely repay with your kind efforts.

Antonio

And stand indebted, over and above, In love and service to you evermore.

Antonio

And we remain in debt to you, besides, In love and service to you forever.

Portia

He is well paid that is well satisfied; And I, delivering you, am satisfied And therein do account myself well paid: My mind was never yet more mercenary. I pray you, know me when we meet again: I wish you well, and so I take my leave.

Portia

A man is well paid when he is well satisfied; And I, in helping you, am satisfied And so I consider myself well paid: I’ve never been more mercenary than now. Please, remember me when we meet again: I wish you the best, and now I take my leave.

Bassanio

Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further: Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute, Not as a fee: grant me two things, I pray you, Not to deny me, and to pardon me.

Bassanio

Dear lady, I must insist you take something more: Accept a token from us, as a gift, Not as a payment: please grant me two things, Not to refuse me, and to forgive me.

Portia

You press me far, and therefore I will yield.

Portia

You press me hard, so I’ll give in.

To ANTONIO
To ANTONIO
Portia

Give me your gloves, I’ll wear them for your sake;

Portia

Give me your gloves, I’ll wear them for your sake;

To BASSANIO
To BASSANIO
Portia

And, for your love, I’ll take this ring from you: Do not draw back your hand; I’ll take no more; And you in love shall not deny me this.

Portia

And, because I love you, I’ll take this ring from you: Don’t pull your hand away; I won’t take anything more; And you, out of love, cannot deny me this.

Bassanio

This ring, good sir, alas, it is a trifle! I will not shame myself to give you this.

Bassanio

This ring, dear lady, it’s just a small thing! I can’t bring myself to give it to you.

Portia

I will have nothing else but only this; And now methinks I have a mind to it.

Portia

I won’t accept anything else, only this; And now I think I want it.

Bassanio

There’s more depends on this than on the value. The dearest ring in Venice will I give you, And find it out by proclamation: Only for this, I pray you, pardon me.

Bassanio

There’s more at stake here than just the value. I’ll give you the most valuable ring in Venice, And announce it publicly: Just for this, please, forgive me.

Portia

I see, sir, you are liberal in offers You taught me first to beg; and now methinks You teach me how a beggar should be answer’d.

Portia

I see, sir, you’re generous with your offers. You were the one who taught me how to beg; and now, I think, You’re teaching me how a beggar should be treated.

Bassanio

Good sir, this ring was given me by my wife; And when she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell nor give nor lose it.

Bassanio

Please, sir, this ring was given to me by my wife; And when she put it on, she made me swear That I would neither sell, give away, nor lose it.

Portia

That ’scuse serves many men to save their gifts. An if your wife be not a mad-woman, And know how well I have deserved the ring, She would not hold out enemy for ever, For giving it to me. Well, peace be with you!

Portia

That excuse is commonly used by many men to save their gifts. And if your wife isn’t mad, And knows how well I’ve earned the ring, She wouldn’t hold a grudge forever For giving it to me. Well, peace be with you!

Exeunt Portia and Nerissa
Exeunt Portia and Nerissa
Antonio

My Lord Bassanio, let him have the ring: Let his deservings and my love withal Be valued against your wife’s commandment.

Antonio

My Lord Bassanio, let him have the ring: Let his worth and my love both Be weighed against your wife’s command.

Bassanio

Go, Gratiano, run and overtake him; Give him the ring, and bring him, if thou canst, Unto Antonio’s house: away! make haste.

Bassanio

Go, Gratiano, run and catch up with him; Give him the ring, and bring him, if you can, To Antonio’s house: hurry! Be quick.

Exit Gratiano
Exit Gratiano
Bassanio

Come, you and I will thither presently; And in the morning early will we both Fly toward Belmont: come, Antonio.

Bassanio

Come, you and I will go there right away; And early tomorrow morning we’ll both Head toward Belmont: come on, Antonio.

Exuent
Exuent

End of Act 4, Scene 1

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